The Radia Papers– Raja, Tata, Ambani connection

The Radia Papers– Raja, Tata, Ambani connection

May 12th, 2010 |

By Girish Nikam

For the last nearly a month, the name of Nira Radia has been in circulation. Two publications, Outlook and The Pioneer, raised the issue first almost simultaneously. While Outlook concentrated on the issue of phone tapping, Pioneer, referred to the larger issue of the connections between Radia and Telecom Minister A.Raja, and how the latter used the former to get back the Telecom portfolio after the formation of UPA II last year.

In normal circumstances, a story like this should have had the entire media hounding the Government and the players whose names had been mentioned in these stories. Just a few days before this, remember how Sunanda Pushkar and former Union Minister of State, Shashi Tharoor were hounded?

But it was not to be. Except for a couple of publications, like Mail Today and Outlook, none of the print publications have followed up on what seems to be one of the biggest scandals in this country, for a very long time. What is more surprising is the way in which most of the news TV Channels(except Headlines Today) which had made Tharoor-Pushkar story a national event, have clamped down on this story.

Except for covering the Parliament brou-ha-ha over the demand for the resignation of Raja, the majority of the media have remained quiet. Why?

It is not at all surprising, in fact. Nira Radia, as some of the publications have already published, is considered to be the most influential and powerful Public relations person, with powerful clients who controls almost half of the stock exchange— Ratan Tata, Mukesh Ambani and Sunil Mittal.

She also has friends in the media, including some of the highest profiled media figures, apart from newspaper owners and editors. The fact that she dictates the media policy of the three of the richest Corporates means none of the media houses can afford to take cudgels against her.

She also has been known to have direct access to some powerful politicians in both the ruling and opposition parties. Her entry into the Indian scene, way back in the late nineties using her proximity to BJP General Secretary and then Union Minister Ananth Kumar, is well documented.

No wonder, except for some piece-meal exposes here and there, the entire confidential papers of the CBI, Income Tax department, among others floating around in the hands of the media persons, have remained out of print.

A study of these papers indicates the vast network of Nira Radia, and how she has been able to deliver some of the controversial business projects, to the above mentioned big-wigs of industry and corporate world. The most controversial being the 2G spectrum, with her deep connections with the Telecom Minister A.Raja and his patron-in-chief, DMK supremo, M.Karunanidhi�s family.

The CBI filed a case in October 2009 in relation to what it calls, UAS Licenses granted in the year 2007-08. The communication between CBI and Income Tax authorities clearly makes out how Nira Radia was put under surveillance and what emerged from the tapping of her phones.

The reason for the media to have played shy of this scandal also comes out in these papers. Some of the most important and powerful media Houses and personalities, seem to be caught in the Radia web. The names of two of the biggest media stars, Vir Sanghvi and Barkha Dutt are also mentioned in these conversations, about their effort to assist Radia, to ensure Raja becomes the Telecom Minister. There is also a mention of how Radia has been �managing the media�.

There are also issues relating to �cross-border� transfer of funds, both legally and illegally.

What however takes the cake is the way in which Radia, according to the report based on her tapped conversations, lobbied for the return of Raja as the Telecom Minister. And how all efforts were made to scuttle any chances of Dayanidhi Maran getting the Telecom portfolio, as he was considered a bug bear by both Tata and Ambani.

But almost all of it have remained undisclosed and Government has also refused to come out with any significant details about the case filed by the CBI, and where the case stands today.

It was therefore felt that it was important to put all these documents in public domain, for people to make their own judgement. It is necessary that the claims and charges made in these documents are investigated and the full truth comes out.

So we have decided to publish these documents on this site, without any ill-will or bias or with ulterior motives, except in the hope that it would result in public pressure on authorities to come out with the truth.

Media Crooks : Indian Media Watch: How media fools people

Thursday, November 18, 2010
The Barkha Dutt - Nira Radia Tapes : Power-brokers?
These tapes (in 5 parts) were posted at Open Magazine. The link for the post is given below:
http://www.openthemagazine.com/article/nation/tell-me-what-should-i-tell-them

A transcript is also posted at:
http://www.scribd.com/doc/43110861/%E2%80%9CTell-me-what-should-I-tell-them-%E2%80%9D-OPEN-Magazine

Although the tape seems to be authentic, I cannot vouch for the same, so readers may make their own judgement. However, it is now up to both Barkha Dutt and Nira Radia to confirm or deny the accuracy of the tapes. These conversations were in 5 parts but I have combined them in to one single conversation.

video

The conversations are reported to have happened in May 2009 when the new UPA ministry was being formed at the centre. The transcripts provided below may exclude some interruptions or inaudible parts in the conversation but have been reproduced verbatim from the sites mentioned above.


(Transcripts as contained in the original sites referred above)

ALERT: Conversation begins on some audios after a few seconds of silence; all audio files embedded at the beginning of corresponding transcripts

As talks between the DMK and Congress (‘them’) broke down over joining the Government in May 2009, Radia was actively involved in opening channels between the two parties through, among others, television journalist Barkha Dutt
“Oh God. So now what? What should I tell them? Tell me what should I tell them?” —BARKHA DUTT
DATE 22 May 2009 TIME 09:48:51
RADIA: Hi, did I wake you up?
BARKHA: No, no, no. I’ve been up, ya, most of the night. The stalemate continues, yaa.
RADIA: Yeah. Listen, the thing is that they need to talk to him directly. That is what the problem is.
BARKHA: Haan so, apparently PM’s really pissed off that they went public.
RADIA: But that’s Baalu’s doing, naa… he was not instructed by Karunanidhi to do that.
BARKHA: Oh, he wasn’t?
RADIA: This is not. He was told to come away and tell Congress that.
BARKHA: And he went public
RADIA: Well, the media… media, the media was standing outside.
BARKHA: Oh God. So now what? What should I tell them? Tell me what should I tell them?
RADIA: I’ll tell you what it is---the problem and I have had a long chat with both his wife and with the daughter right
…
BARKHA: Haan, haan.
RADIA: The problem is if the Congress has a problem with Baalu, if they have no problem with anyone. They need and go talk to Karunanidhi. They have very good relationship with Karunanidhi directly.
BARKHA: Correct, haan.
RADIA: Because you see, in front of Baalu, in front of Maran, they can’t talk.
BARKHA: Yeah
RADIA: So they have to tell him directly, there [are] enough Congress leaders in Tamil Nadu. They need to go in and tell him exactly---the biggest problem is that the following of Alagiri is saying that you cannot give [inaudible] a cabinet [inaudible] and keep Alagiri in the MoS state.
BARKHA: That’s right. But will Karuna drop Baalu?
RADIA: He… look, if you tell him that Baalu is the only problem. I would imagine, he will drop him.
BARKHA: But you see the problem right now is also over the choice of portfolios, naa…
RADIA: No. They’ve not said anything. The portfolios have not even got discussed.
BARKHA: Congress claims, for whatever it’s worth, that the DMK wanted surface transport, power, IT, telecom, railways and health.
…
RADIA: You see, you see my honest advice…
BARKHA: Yeah.
RADIA: ..is that you tell them that they need to tell him directly that we are happy because Kani’s [Kanimozhi, DMK Chief Karunanidhi’s daughter] got no issue being about independent. But Alagiri is now telling her that you cannot take an independent charge if Maran remains cabinet minister.
BARKHA: I see.
RADIA: And Congress is sending messages through media and through various sources, saying that. And Maran is telling everyone that he is the only acceptable person.
BARKHA: Person, yeah, yeah, yeah. That I know.
RADIA: But that’s not correct, naa?
BARKHA: No, I know. We’ve taken that off. We’ve taken that off.
…
BARKHA: Also, but, but the Congress needs to tell Karunanidhi that we have not said anything about Maran.
BARKHA: Okay. Let me talk to them again.
RADIA: Yeah? The choice of candidate we will leave to you. We have some reservation about Baalu. And let them tell the reservation. And we have not said anything about Maran. We are not talking

In another telecon, Barkha Dutt offers Niira Radia the assurance that she is on the job as a reliable go-between
“That’s not a problem, I’ll talk to Azad. I’ll talk to Azad right after I get out of RCR” —BARKHA DUTT
DATE 22 May 2009 TIME 10:47:33
BARKHA: Haan, Niira?
RADIA: Barkha, what I’m told is that the Congress yesterday, apparently, God knows who they are talking to in the DMK.
BARKHA: Haan, well must be Maran…
RADIA: Relayed---no, they relayed that the infrastructure portfolio should not be given to Maran or Baalu.
BARKHA: No, that’s because they want to keep it for themselves.
RADIA: No, they wanted to; they didn’t want any infrastructure, that’s what Prime Minister said, so he said that’s why they give him labour, fertiliser, chemical---and telecom, IT, they said for Raja. So what has happened is, is that message not relayed to Karunanidhi?
BARKHA: Oh I see!
RADIA: They might have told some minion down the line or told Maran who is not relaying the truth.
BARKHA: I think they have told Maran.
RADIA: Yeah, now what they need to do is, they need to speak to Kani so she can set up the discussion with her father, because even the Prime Minister’s discussion was … she was the one who’s translating, and it was a very brief discussion for two minutes.
BARKHA: Okay.
RADIA: That we’ll try and work it out, and the let’s not you know take it a hasty easy decision. That’s the type of conversation that happened.
BARKHA: No, I’ll set it up as soon as they get out of RCR.
RADIA: What she saying is that, you know, that someone senior like Ghulam [Nabi Azad, senior Congress leader]---because he is the one who is authorised to speak. ….
BARKHA: Yeah, yeah, yeah.
RADIA: Right? Was to speak to her then she can tell her father that I have got this message from the Congress.
BARKHA: Theek hai, not a problem. That’s not a problem, I’ll talk to Azad---I’ll talk to Azad right after I get out of RCR [Race Course Road, presumably, the PM’s residence].
RADIA: Yeah, and then she said when father lands, I can speak to him.
BARKHA: Okay.

The two conversationalists touch base again
“I’ve had a long chat, I had a long chat, and they promised me that Azad will speak to her” —BARKHA DUTT
DATE 22 May 2009 TIME 15:31:29
RADIA: They will speak to her?
BARKHA: Yeah.
RADIA: Who? Ghulam?
BARKHA: Ghulam. Yeah.
RADIA: You know, the problem is she’s catching a flight at five haan, going back. Dayanidhi Maran is attending the swearing in when only Raja has been authorised to attend, so he’s gone and told his leader that Ahmed Patel has told me especially to attend the swearing in.
BARKHA: Ahmed says this is rubbish …
RADIA: But I am telling you but this. Karunanidhi’s very confused.
BARKHA: No, but why can’t Kani stay also and attend it?
RADIA: She doesn’t want to attend no because her father told her to come back. She has to follow what she’s father says, no. Call Ghulam then.
BARKHA: Let me call him.
RADIA: She’s leaving at five. She’s catching a flight at five.
DATE 22 May 2009 TIME time 18:09:06
BARKHA: No, you see Congress’s condition is Baalu should not get surface transport. Not Baalu, DMK should not get surface transport, beyond individuals right?
RADIA: Correct, correct, and they are not individuals. Let me tell you one thing’s for sure, 3 plus 4 was yesterday; because of Maran, they wanted to make it 4 plus 3.
BARKHA: Okay!
RADIA: So, now it is back to 3 plus 4 that was already worked on the table?
BARKHA: No, so why does this formula not sound right then?
RADIA: Because of Alagiri naa, if you make Alagiri… not cabinet. No, he’s not got cabinet.
BARKHA: Oh, Alagiri got what, according to these things?
RADIA: You see, according to her, he’s got Health, but he can’t be cabinet. Either Maran is not cabinet, either Raja is not cabinet or Baalu’s not.
BARKHA: Alagiri’s got Health and that’s a big compromise by Congress because they said we won’t give them Health. So that’s their face saver. No, but Alagiri, Health can be cabinet?
RADIA: Agreed, but then Raja is MoS.
BARKHA: Raja is MoS!
RADIA: Then is Baalu MoS?
BARKHA: Nahin ho sakta. Nahin, nahin, nahin, if Baalu gets the Heavy Industries and Alagiri is in the Fertiliser, according to …. Baalu gets Fertilizer; Alagiri gets this thing, Health.
RADIA: Maran gets Telecom and IT.
BARKHA: Maran gets Telecom and IT. Raja gets demoted.
RADIA: Who gets…?
BARKHA: Raja. Nahin hoga?
RADIA: I am telling you nahin hai (laughing). Trust me, nahin hai.
BARKHA: Achcha, theek hai.

In yet another telecon, Barkha Dutt explains her situation to Niira Radia
“Everybody I know in the Congress was at the swearing-in, so I haven’t been able to speak with the top guys, and now I just finished and I am going to make my set of calls” BARKHA DUTT
DATE 22 May 2009 TIME 19:23:57
BARKHA: You see, what happened was everybody I know in the Congress was at the swearing in, so I haven’t been able to speak with the top guys, and now I just finished and I am going to make my set of calls.
RADIA: Kani just landed in Chennai. Just now. I just spoke…
BARKHA: Where is Daya? Where is Maran?
RADIA: Daya didn’t turn up for the swearing in because he was called back, because he went and told Karunanidhi that I have been asked by Ahmed Patel to come for the swearing in. But the leader said then you join the Congress.
BARKHA: (laughs) So now?
RADIA: So Raja was the only one who’s authorised to attend which he’s done and Raja’s catching the 8:40 flight...
BARKHA: Okay

indian black money in swiss banks

indian black money in swiss banks
This is some data given by an organisation called Tax justice network.Thesefigures were given in trillions of dollarsconverted to lakh crores for your convenience:Total black money of all the countries in the world --516 lakh croreTotal black money of Indians in Swiss Banks- ---------100 lakh croreTotal black money of Indians in other tax haven countries(60countries)------------------------------------------- 158 lakh croreTotal black money of Indians outside india (100+158)--258 lakh croreTotal black money of Indians circulating within India--50 lakh croreTotal black money within India and abroad(258+50)-----308 lakh croreIf this is approximated to 300 lakh crore and distributed among 600 districtsin India (there are 600 districts in India)then each district will get 50,000 crore. Just imagine what all can be done withthis huge amount?Its a shame that out of 516 lakh crore total black money of all the countriesput together, half of it belangs to Indians.Wha says India is poor? It has been made poor by these corrupt politicians,babus and industrialists. The nobel prize forcorruption should go to India.Now lets see how this black money can be brought back to India. It is estimatedthat about 25000 people go to switzerland very frequently ie every 3 months orsix months. The list of these black sheeps can be prepared by seeing theirpassports on which visa stamps of the countries they visit would be present. Thelist of these people can be verified with swiss banks who are ready to divulgethe details of accounts of particular people named specifically.Now lets compare the GDPs of various countries to see what drastic change thisblack money can bring in our GDP.GDP of USA------------------619 lakh croreJapan -----------------------200 lakh croreGDP of germany--------------149 lakh croreGDP of Russia----------------128 lakh croreGDP of france ---------------116 lakh croreCanada -----------------------69 lakh crreAustralia---------------------37 lakh croreIndia--------------------------55 lakh croreIf 308 lakh crore black money is brought home and added to our GDP of 55 lakhcrore our new GDP would become (308+55)ie 363 lakh crore ie we will become No 2 after USA interms of GDP. Also if sucha huge amount of money is available with usour growth rate can easily touch 20% instead of the 6% at present. There wouldbe no taxes required to be paid by thecitizens of country for at least 15 years. This also means 20% of 300 lakh crorewill get incremented every year in our GDPie 60 lakh crore increment every year. With this rate we will overtake USA in 5years. Seems like shiekhchilli daydreaming?Well thats what politicians have done to our thought process. We cant even pityourselves.Now the question is from where have these thugs generated such huge amount ofmoney. The answer is they are literally selling the country.All the natural resources of the country are given on lease fo 99 years,..........50 years etc . The lease is for 1 rupee onpaper but thousands of crores exchage hands under the table. These include coalmines, iron ore mines, precious stone mines,other metal mines. Now they are even selling the rivers of the country ie allrights of a particular river would be given toa particular MNC. Huge timber reserves are sold off at throw away prices tocontractors. For example a coal mine with 50, 000 crore worth of coal is soldoff for 1000 crore on paper. Whereas lets say 5000 crore is paid to the Chiefminister under the table. Madhu Koda was only a case that was exposed. The samesituation exits with more or less all the Chief Ministers.So please join hands to put pressure on the govt to bring back all the blackmoney into Indian economy.To sum it up all here's a quote by Swami Ramdev :"Yadi sarkar imandar to kyon desh me bhrashtacharYadi nahi sarkar ke man me khot to kyon chhapti hai bade note" Translation:If the govt is honest then why is there so much of corruption in the countryIf the govt has no malafide intentions then why does it print higher denomination notesPlease do give your feedback about this info.

The information on black money is from a document held by swami ramdev based on studies by tax justice network. Just type tax justice network in google search and u will get lot of information in this regard. For more data you can contact Bharat swabhiman for a photo copy of this report by tax justice network. Visit www.bharatswabhiman.org for more info. This report is not prepared by swami ramdev or his friends. It is made totally by this independent international body called tax justice network and transparency international

Aeroplane was invented by an Indian not wright brothers

Alright my dear Citizens of India, Hold your Breath,

You may find this a bit insane but it is not.

The inventor of the Mordern day Aeroplane is in reality a MAHARASHTRIAN BRAHMIN who used to live in Chira Bazaar in South Mumbai.

Very few people know about this truth but, Billions across the Globe, including in India itself are living under the false information about the Wright Brothers being the inventor of the Aeroplane which in reality is...
Absolutely FALSE.

DO READ BELOW & very important for your 100% satisfaction which can further enhance your knowledge about the Ancient Truths, CHECK THOSE GIVEN LINKS TOO.


*****************************************************


DID YOU KNOW, that the 1st Mordern Aeroplane was invented in GIRGAUM CHOWPATTY in Mumbai, India ?

DID YOU KNOW, that this 1st Aeroplane was Tested on the Chowpatty Beach in Mumbai in 1895, ""full eight years before"" the Wright Brothers` first flight at Kitty hawk, North Carolina, USA, Shivkar Bapuji Talpade and his wife gave a thrilling demonstration of the flight.

[[ Yes the same Chowpatty where we frequent for our Pani Puris, Bhel Puris, Kulfi, etc ]]
Hard to digest ? Well, we have to. History right under our Nose & we never knew it.


“The ancient Hindus could navigate the air, and not only navigate it but fight battles in it like so many war-eagles, combating for the domination of the clouds. To be so perfect in aeronautics they must have known all the arts and sciences relating to the science, including the strata and currents of the atmosphere, the relative temperature, humidity, density and specific gravity of the various gases....." - Col. Olcott in a lecture in Allahabad in 1881.

The Rig Veda, the oldest document of the human race includes references to the following modes of transportation: Jalayan - a vehicle designed to operate in air and water (Rig Veda 6.58.3); Kaara- Kaara- Kaara- a vehicle that operates on ground and in water. (Rig Veda 9.14.1); Tritala- Tritala- Tritala- a vehicle consisting of three stories. (Rig Veda 3.14.1); Trichakra Ratha - Trichakra Ratha - Trichakra Ratha - a three-wheeled vehicle designed to operate in the air. (Rig Veda 4.36.1); Vaayu Ratha- Vaayu Ratha- Vaayu Ratha- a gas or wind-powered chariot. (Rig Veda 5.41.6); Vidyut Ratha- Vidyut Ratha- Vidyut Ratha- a vehicle that operates on power. (Rig Veda 3.14.1).

Ancient Sanskrit literature is full of descriptions of flying machines - Vimanas. From the many documents found it is evident that the scientist-sages Agastya and Bharadwaja had developed the lore of aircraft construction.

The "Agastya Samhita" gives us Agastya`s descriptions of two types of aeroplanes. The first is a "chchatra" (umbrella or balloon) to be filled with hydrogen. The process of extracting hydrogen from water is described in elaborate detail and the use of electricity in achieving this is clearly stated. This was stated to be a primitive type of plane, useful only for escaping from a fort when the enemy had set fire to the jungle all around. Hence the name "Agniyana". The second type of aircraft mentioned is somewhat on the lines of the parachute. It could be opened and shut by operating chords. This aircraft has been described as "vimanadvigunam" i.e. of a lower order than the regular aeroplane.

Aeronautics or Vaimaanika Shastra is a part of Yantra Sarvasva of Bharadwaja. This is also known as Brihadvimaana Shastra. Vaimaanikashastra deals about aeronautics, including the design of aircraft, the way they can be used for transportation and other applications, in detail. The knowledge of aeronautics is described in Sanskrit in 100 sections, eight chapters, 500 principles and 3000 slokas. Great sage Bharadwaja explained the construction of aircraft and way to fly it in air, on land, on water and use the same aircraft like a sub-marine. He also described the construction of war planes and fighter aircraft.

Vaimaanika Shastra explains the metals and alloys and other required material, which can be make an aircraft imperishable in any condition. Planes which will not break (abhedya), or catch fire (adaahya) and which cannot be cut (achchedya) have been described. Along with the treatise there are diagrams of three types of aeroplanes - "Sundara", "Shukana" and "Rukma".

The aircraft is classified into three types- Mantrika, Tantrika and Kritaka, to suit different yugas or eras. In kritayuga, it is said, Dharma was well established. The people of that time had the devinity to reach any place using their Ashtasiddhis. The aircraft used in Tretayuga are called Mantrikavimana, flown by the power of hymns (mantras). Twenty-five varieties of aircraft including Pushpaka Vimana belong to this era. The aircraft used in Dwaparayuga were called Tantrikavimana, flown by the power of tantras. Fiftysix varieties of aircraft including Bhairava and Nandaka belong to this era. The aircraft used in Kaliyuga, the on-going yuga, are called Kritakavimana, flown by the power of engines. Twenty-five varieties of aircraft including "Sundara", "Shukana" and "Rukma" belong to this era.

Bharadwaja states that there are thirty-two secrets of the science of aeronautics. Of these some are astonishing and some indicate an advance even beyond our own times. For instance the secret of "para shabda graaha", i.e. a cabin for listening to conversation in another plane, has been explained by elaborately describing an electrically worked sound-receiver that did the trick. Manufacture of different types of instruments and putting them together to form an aircraft are also described.

It appears that aerial warfare was also not unknown, for the treatise gives the technique of "shatru vimana kampana kriya" and "shatru vimana nashana kriya" i.e. shaking and destroying enemy aircraft, as well as photographing enemy planes, rendering their occupants unconscious and making one`s own plane invisible.

In Vastraadhikarana, the chapter describing the dress and other wear required while flying, talks in detail about the wear for both the pilot and the passenger separately.

Ahaaraadhikarana is yet another section exclusively dealing with the food habits of a pilot. This has a variety of guidelines for pilots to keep their health through strict diet.

Bhardwaja also provides a bibliography. He had consulted six treatises by six different authors previous to him and he gives their names and the names of their works in the following order : Vimana Chandrika by Narayanamuni; Vyoma Yana Mantrah by Shaunaka; Yantra Kalpa by Garga; Yana Bindu by Vachaspati; Kheta Yaana Pradeepika by Chaakraayani; Vyoma Yaanarka Prakasha by Dundi Natha.

As before Bharadwaja, after him too there have been Sanskrit writers on aeronautics and there were four commentaries on his work. The names of the commentators are Bodh Deva, Lalla, Narayana Shankha and Vishwambhara.

Evidence of existence of aircrafts are also found in the Arthasastra of Kautilya (c. 3rd century B.C.). Kautilya mentions amongst various tradesmen and technocrats the Saubhikas as `pilots conducting vehicles in the sky`. Saubha was the name of the aerial flying city of King Harishchandra and the form `Saubika` means `one who flies or knows the art of flying an aerial city`. Kautilya uses another significant word `Akasa Yodhinah`, which has been translated as `persons who are trained to fight from the sky.` The existence of aerial chariots, in whatever form it might be, was so well-known that it found a place among the royal edicts of the Emperor Asoka which were executed during his reign from 256 B.C. - 237 B. C.

It is interesting to note that the Academy of Sanskrit Research in Melkote, near Mandya, had been commissioned by the Aeronautical Research Development Board, New Delhi, to take up a one-year study, ‘Non-conventional approach to Aeronautics’, on the basis of Vaimanika Shastra. As a result of the research, a glass-like material which cannot be detected by radar has been developed by Prof Dongre, a research scholar of Benaras Hindu University. A plane coated with this unique material cannot be detected using radar.

But perhaps the most interesting thing, about the Indian science of aeronautics and Bharadwaja`s research in the field was that they were successfully tested in actual practice by an Indian over hundred years ago. In 1895, full eight years before the Wright Brothers` first flight at Kitty hawk, North Carolina, USA, Shivkar Bapuji Talpade and his wife gave a thrilling demonstration flight on the Chowpatty beach in Mumbai.

An even more astonishing feature of Talpade’s aircraft was the power source he used- An Ion Engine. The theory of the Ion Engine has been credited to Robert Goddard, long recognized as the father of Liquid-fuel Rocketry. It is claimed that in 1906, long before Goddard launched his first modern rocket, his imagination had conceived the idea of an Ion rocket. But the fact is that not only had the idea of an Ion Engine been conceived long before Dr Goddard, it had also been materialized in the form of Talpade’s aircraft.

Mr. Talpade, a resident of Mumbai, was an erudite scholar of Sanskrit literature, especially of the Vedas, an inventor and a teacher in the School of Arts. His deep study of the Vedas led him to construct an aeroplane in conformity with descriptions of aircraft available in the Vedas and he displayed it in an exhibition arranged by the Bombay Art Society in the Town Hall. Its proving the star attraction of the exhibition encouraged its maker to go deeper into the matter and see if the plane could be flown with the aid of mercurial pressure. For the one hundred and ninetieth "richa" (verse) of the Rig Veda and the aeronautical treatise of Bharadwaja mention that flying machines came into full operation when the power of the sun`s rays, mercury and another chemical called "Naksha rassa" were blended together. This energy was, it seems, stored in something like an accumulator or storage batteries. The Vedas refer to eight different engines in the plane and Bharadwaja adds that they are worked by electricity.

Mr. Talpade carried on his research along these lines and constructed an aeroplane. In his experiments he was aided by his wife, also a deep scholar of the Vedic lore, and an architect friend. The plane combined the constructional characteristics of both "Pushpaka" and "Marut Sakha", the sixth and eighth types of aircraft described by Bharadwaja. It was named "Marut Sakha" meaning "Friend of the Wind".

With this plane this pioneer airman of modern India gave a demonstration flight on the Chowpatty Beach in Mumbai in the year 1895. The machine attained a height of about 1500 feet and then automatically landed safely. The flight was witnessed, among many others, by Sir Sayajirao Gaekwad, the Maharaja of Baroda and Justice Govind Ranade and was reported in “The Kesari” a leading Marathi daily newspaper. They were impressed by the feat and rewarded the talented inventor.

Unfortunately Talpade lost interest in things after his wife`s death, and after his own death in 1917 at the age of 53 his relatives sold the machine to Rally Brothers, a leading British exporting firm then operating in Mumbai. Thus the first ever attempt at flying in modern India, undertaken and made successful by an Indian, in a plane of Indian manufacture and built to Indian scientific specifications, slid into the limbo of oblivion.


THE CREDIT FOR THE ABOVE INFORMATION GOES ENTIRELY TO SHACHI RAIRIKAR.

http://www.ivarta.com/columns/OL_040312.htm


http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/890055.cms


http://www.stephen-knapp.com/ufos_and_vimanas.htm


http://www.ivarta.com/columns/OL_050307.htm


http://www.ufoevidence.org/topics/vimanas.htm


http://www.crystalinks.com/vimanas.html


http://www.doomsdayguide.org/UFO/ufo_and_vimanas.htm

The perilous nexus between the media and political parties

The perilous nexus between the media and political parties

This originally written by Lavanya original link is given below
http://www.india-forum.com/forums/index.php?/topic/1455-medias-nexus-with-the-congress-and-communists/

It would be fair to say that our country is experiencing the greatest media revolution it ever had before since independence. The contemporary media looks like playing safe by associating itself with a particular political ideology or may be they don?t have any option. Personally, I refuse to buy that reason. There is a difference between relationship with politics and relationship with political parties. It is very much legitimate on part of the media to observe objectively the activities of politics and reporting the news and events to the audience without distorting the facts. When I say that the relationship of the media with political parties is dangerous then I mean to imply that the odds and ends are far more precarious than anything else.

We talk about self-regulation for almost all business verticals in our country but what about the media which is also an industry and the entities are incorporated with the prime motive to earn profits and not to forget the TRPs? Profit is not a bad word but I still believe that one can stick to social and business values and still run business in profits. It applies to media all the more as it is the mirror of society and carries a greater onus of reporting the truth and facts as they happen.

A classic example of how media and political parties can influence each other is as follows:
NDTV?s Chairman and President Dr. Prannoy Roy (no offence whatsoever) married Radhika Roy who is Brinda Karat's (Prakash Karat's wife) sister. Brinda and Prakash both are politburo members of the CPI (M). It is rumored that Prannoy Roy's seed capital for NDTV came from the comfy relationship he had with Bhaskar Ghose, then Doordarshan's head honcho. DD was fond of doing business with Roy at the exclusion of other contenders, which fondness Roy exploited to the detriment of DD's revenues but to his own advantage. Rajdeep Sardesai, former test cricketer Dilip Sardesai's son and was an anchor at NDTV, is married to Bhaskar Ghose's daughter Sagarika Ghose who writes columns for the Indian Express. Indian Express' Shekhar Gupta in return hosts a talk show on NDTV. Last but not the least, the stylish and sophisticated Dr. Prannoy Roy was known to be close to Rajiv Gandhi and now Sonia.

No wonder that the channel that initially hounded Natwar Singh on the Volcker Scam had raised its doubts on the opposition party?s intention of joining hands with Natwar Singh. Whoever has watched the parliament proceedings (I know most of us don?t waste time watching such a silly drama on TV) on DD will agree that the Speaker is clearly partial towards the government. To my surprise and utter dismay none of the channels condemned or gave an impartial reporting on that issue. Most of the talk shows and debates telecast are finely orchestrated to suit their favorites? (Communists and Congress) interests.

The danger is clear. In the garb of sophistication, highly educated image, the image of holding high moral and social values these channels are cleverly selling the ideology of their favorites. They definitely wouldn?t like to be called mouthpieces. Therefore, this veil of intelligence and urbanity is a clever trick. I wonder why these so called ?modern and liberal? channels haven?t highlighted grave issues like illegal immigration from Bangladesh, Kashmiri Pundits? lives as refugees in their own country, criminals in politics, vote bank politics in the name of caste, poor infrastructure etc? The amount of time or space given to these issues is either nil or very less, unless of course something like floods or other natural calamities strike in case of poor infrastructure. The worse thing is that these channels and newspapers do not shy away from covering ?B? grade or ?C? grade actors? wedding ceremonies, Saurav Ganguly?s future in Indian cricket team, how many wives does a popular Bollywood singer has, the divorce drama between former leading Bollywood actress and her husband, vulgarity in a ?C? grade music album etc. No wonder people like Govinda are MPs. This is the kind of peril that media can make happen. I wouldn?t even suggest them to have reality checks or introspection for I?m sure that the kind of people that are in media are highly educated and whatever they are doing is their conscious decision.

Will the Indian media ever emerge above these inconsequentiality and nepotism? Save the nation!

nehru family is actually muslim

NEHRU FAMILY

The very beginning of his book, "The Nehru Dynasty", astrologer K.N.Rao mentions the names of Jawahar Lal's father and grandfather. Jawahar Lal's father was believed to be Moti Lal and Moti Lal's father was one Gangadhar Nehru. And we all know that Jawahar Lal's only daughter was Indira Priyadarshini Nehru; Kamala Nehru was her mother, who died in Switzerland of tuberculosis. She was totally against Indira's proposed marriage with Feroze.
Why? No one tells us that. Now, who is this Feroze? We are told by many that he was the son of the family grocer. The grocer supplied wines, etc. to Anand Bhavan, previously known as Ishrat Manzil, which once belonged to a Moslem lawyer named Mobarak Ali. Moti Lal was earlier an employee of Mobarak Ali. What was the family grocer's name? One frequently hears that Rajiv Gandhi's grandfather was Pandit Nehru. But then we all know that everyone has two grandfathers, the paternal and the maternal grandfathers. In fact, the paternal grandfather is deemed to be the more important grandfather in most societies.
Why is it then no where we find Rajiv Gandhi's paternal grandfather's name?It appears that the reason is simply this; Rajiv Gandhi's paternal grandfather was a Moslem gentleman from the Junagadh area of Gujarat. This Moslem grocer by the name of Nawab Khan, had married a Parsi woman after converting her to Islam. This is the source where from the myth of Rajiv being a Parsi was derived. Rajiv's father Feroze was Feroze Khan before he married Indira, against Kamala Nehru's wishes. Feroze's mother's family name was Ghandy, often associated with Parsis and this was changed to Gandhi, sometime before his wedding with Indira, by an affidavit. The fact of the matter is that (and this fact can be found in many writings) Indira was very lonely. Chased out of the Shantiniketan University by Gurudev Rabindranath himself for misdemeanor, the lonely girl was all by herself, while father Jawahar was busy with politics, pretty women and illicit sex; the mother was in hospital. Feroze Khan, the grocer's son was then in England and he was quite sympathetic to Indira and soon enough she changed her religion, became a Moslem woman and married Feroze Khan in a London mosque. Nehru was not happy; Kamala was dead already or dying. The news of this marriage eventually reached Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi. Gandhi urgently called Nehru and practically ordered him to ask the youngman to change his name from Khan to Gandhi. It had nothing to do with change of religion, from Islam to Hinduism for instance. It was just a case of a change of name by an affidavit. And so Feroze Khan became Feroze Gandhi. The surprising thing is that the apostle of truth, the old man soon to be declared India's Mahatma and the 'Father of the Nation' didn't mention this game of his in the famous book, 'My Experiments with Truth'.
Why? When they returned to India, a mock 'Vedic marriage' was instituted for public consumption. On this subject, writes M.O. Mathai (a longtime Private Secretary of Nehru) in his renowned (but now suppressed by the GOI) 'Reminiscences of the Nehru Age' on page 94, second paragraph: "For some inexplicable reason, Nehru allowed the marriage to be performed according to Vedic rites in 1942. An inter-religious and inter-caste marriage under Vedic rites at that time was not valid in law. To be legal, it had to be a civil marriage." It's a known fact that after Rajiv's birth, Indira and Feroze lived seperatly, but they were not divorced. Feroze used to harass Nehru frequently for money and also interfered in Nehru's political activities. Nehru got fed up and left instructions not to allow him into the Prime Minister's residence Trimurthi Bhavan. Mathai writes that the death of Feroze came as a relief to Nehru and Indira. The death of Feroze in 1960 before he could consolidate his own political forces, is itself a mystery. Feroze had even planned to remarry. Those who try to keep tabs on our leaders in spite of all the suppressions and deliberate misinformation, are aware of the fact that the second son of Indira (or Mrs. Feroze Khan) known as Sanjay Gandhi was not the son of Feroze. He was the son of another Moslem gentleman, Mohammad Yunus. Here, in passing, we might mention that the second son was originally named Sanjiv. It rhymed with Rajiv, the elder brother's name. It was changed to Sanjay when he was arrested by the British police in England and his passport impounded, for having stolen a car. Krishna Menon was then India's High Commissioner in London. He offered to issue another passport to the felon who changed his name to Sanjay. Incidentally, Sanjay's marriage with the Sikh girl Menaka (now they call her Maneka for Indira Gandhi found the name of Lord Indra's court dancer rather offensive!) took place quite surprisingly in Mohammad Yunus' house in New Delhi. And the marriage with Menaka who was a model (She had modelled for Bombay Dyeing wearing just a >towel) was not so ordinary either. Sanjay was notorious in getting unwed young women pregnant. Menaka too was rendered pregnant by Sanjay. It was then that her father, Colonel Anand, threatened Sanjay with dire consequences if he did not marry her daughter. And that did the trick. Sanjay married Menaka.
It was widely reported in Delhi at the time that Mohammad Yunus was unhappy at the marriage of Sanjay with Menaka; apparently he had wanted to get him married with a Muslim girl of his choice. It was Mohammad Yunus who cried the most when Sanjay died in the plane accident. In Yunus' book, 'Persons, Passions & Politics' one discovers that baby Sanjay had been circumcised following Islamic custom, although the reason stated was phimosis. It was always belived that Sanjay used to blackmail Indira Gandhi and due to this she used to turn a blind eye when Sanjay Gandhi started to run the country as though it were his personal fiefdom. Was he black mailing her with the secret of who his real father was?When the news of Sanjay's death reached Indira Gandhi, the first thing she wanted to know was about the bunch of keys which Sanjay had with him. Nehru was no less a player in producing bastards. At least one case is very graphically described by M.O. Mathai in his "Reminiscences of the Nehru Age", page 206. Mathai writes: "In the autumn of 1948 (India became free in 1947 and a great deal of work needed to be done) a young woman from Benares arrived in New Delhi as a sanyasini named Shraddha Mata (an assumed and not a real name). She was a Sanskrit scholar well versed in the ancient Indian scriptures and mythology. People, including MPs, thronged to her to hear her discourses. One day S.D. Upadhyaya, Nehru's old employee, brought a letter in Hindi from Shraddha Mata. Nehru gave her an interview in the PM's house. As she departed, I noticed (Mathai is speaking here) that she was young, shapely and beautiful. Meetings with her became rather frequent, mostly after Nehru finished his work at night. During one of Nehru's visits to Lucknow, Shraddha Mata turned up there, and Upadhyaya brought a letter from her as usual. Nehru sent her the reply; and she visited Nehru at midnight... "Suddenly Shraddha Mata disappeared. In November 1949 a convent in Bangalore sent a decent looking person to Delhi with a bundle of letters. He said that a young woman from northern India arrived at the convent a few months ago and gave birth to a baby boy. She refused to divulge her name or give any particulars about herself. She left the convent as soon as she was well enough to move out but left the child behind. She however forgot to take with her a small cloth bundle in which, among other things, several letters in Hindi were found. The Mother Superior, who was a foreigner, had the letters examined and was told they were from the Prime Minister. The person who brought the letters surrendered them..."I (Mathai) made discreet inquiries repeatedly about the boy but failed to get a clue about his whereabouts. Convents in such matters are extremely tightlipped and secretive. Had I succeeded in locating the boy, I would have adopted him. He must have grown up as a Catholic Christian blissfully ignorant of who his father was."
Coming back to Rajiv Gandhi, we all know now that he changed his so called Parsi religion to become a Catholic to marry Sania Maino of Turin, Italy. Rajiv became Roberto. His daughter's name is Bianca and son's name is Raul. Quite cleverly the same names are presented to the people of India as Priyanka and Rahul. What is amazing is the extent of our people's ignorance in such matters. The press conference that Rajiv Gandhi gave in London after taking over as prime minister of India was very informative. In this press conference, Rajiv boasted that he was NOT a Hindu but a Parsi. Mind you, speaking of the Parsi religion, he had no Parsi ancestor at all. His grandmother (father's mother) had turned Muslim after having abandoned the Parsi religion to marry Nawab Khan. It is the western press that waged a blitz of misinformation on behalf of Rajiv. From the New York Times to the Los Angeles Times and the Washington Post, the big guns raised Rajiv to heaven. The children's encyclopedias recorded that Rajiv was a qualified Mechanical Engineer from the revered University of Cambridge. No doubt US kids are among the most misinformed in the world today! The reality is that in all three years of his tenure at that University Rajiv had not passed a single examination. He had therefore to leave Cambridge without a certificate. Sonia too had the same benevolent treatment. She was stated to be a student in Cambridge. Such a description is calculated to mislead Indians. She was a student in Cambridge all right but not of the University of Cambridge but of one of those fly by night language schools where foreign students come to learn English. Sonia was working as an 'au pair' girl in Cambridge and trying to learn English at the same time. And surprise of surprises, Rajiv was even cremated as per vedic rites in full view of India's public.

This is the Nehru dynasty that India worships and now an Italian leads a prestgious national party because of just one qualification - being married into the Nehru family. Maneka Gandhi itself is being accepted by the non-Congress parties not because she was a former model or an anmial lover, but for her links to the Nehru family. Saying that an Italian should not lead India will amount to narrow mindedness.

At this address you can find the family tree of nehru family

http://alchemystical.files.wordpress.com/2006/09/nehru_gandhi_family_tree.jpg

PORUS DEFEATED ALEXANDER

PORUS DEFEATED ALEXANDER: ALEXANDER "THE GREAT" EXPOSED!
greenspun.com : LUSENET : Alexander the Great Q&A Forum : One Thread




The reality is Alexander "the Great" suffered heavy losses and failed campaigns in India. Moreover, there is no reliable evidence to indicate that King Porus was ever captured by Alexander and then magnanimously released; in fact it was more like the other way around. And far from being magnanimous, Alexander murdered innocent Brahmins and other Indian philosophers. Mythology surrounding Alexander continued to be embellished and fabricated even centuries after his death. Check the below sites for the reality of Alexander's defeat in India:
The Myth, Romance and Historicity of Alexander and His Influence on India - http://hinduwebsite.com/history/research/alexandermyth.htm
Alexander, The Ordinary - http://sify.com/itihaas/fullstory.php?id=13225593
Alexander's Waterloo in Sindh - http://yangtze.cs.uiuc.edu/~jamali/sindh/story/node7.html
i. Chivalry suited the politics of balancing one Punjab rajah against another, but Indian historians have been unable to believe this intelligent generosity and still argue that if Porus received such honours, India’s alleged defeat at the Jhelum can only be a western falsehood: The cruel nature of Alexander has well been brought out by the western historians and therefore under the circumstances, the treatment of Porus by the victor Alexander makes one to suspect the Victor’s victory. In fact, the psychology of the poets / writers in eulogizing the Defeated was to make him a Victor always.
ii. The retreat he inspired has always seemed sympathetic: Because, already many soldiers were killed. His pet horse was killed or died. The rest of the army had already started revolting and urging him to return.
“In the battle of Jhelum a large majority of Alexander’s cavalry was killed. Alexander realized that if he were to continue fighting he would be completely ruined. He, therefore, requested Porus to stop fighting. True to Indian tradition Porus did not kill the surrendered enemy. After this both signed a treaty. Alexander then helped him in annexing othere territories to his kingdom”15.
15. E. Migot, Memoris Sur les anciens philosophers de l’ Inde, andMemories de l’ Academie Eroyal des Inscriptions et Belles, Letters, XXXI, 1761,-63, pp.90-92.
What was the Direct and Indirect Effect of Alexander’s Invasion of India? Vincent Arthur Smith gives answer to this crucial question, which is reproduced as follows:
1. “Whatever Hellenistic elements in Indian civilization can be detected were all indirect consequences of Alexander’s invasion. The Greece influence never penetrated deeply. Indian polity and structure of society resting on the caste basis remained substantially, unchanged, and even in military science Indians showed no disposition to learn the lessons taught by the sharp sword of Alexander” (emphasis added).
2. “Alexander’s fierce campaign produced no direct effects upon either the ideas or the institutions of India. During his brief stay in the basin of the Indus, he was occupied almost solely with fighting. Presumably, he was remembered by the ordinary natives of the regions which he harried merely as a demon-like outer barbarian who hanged Brahmins without scruple and won battles by impious methods in defiance of scriptures, Indians felt no desire to learn from such a person” (emphasis added).

The Birth and Death of Alexander

The birth of Alexander is shrouded in mystery and legends.
He was born in night to Olympias, the daughter of Neoptolemus,
prince of the Molossi, when the great temple of the Asian
Goddess at Ephesus was supposed to have been burned down.
She was fierce and beautiful7! His father,
Philip divorced Olympias and married Cleopatra, thus Alexander
was estranged from him and his legitimacy was suspected. Later
Olympias murdered Philip elevating Alexander to an advantageous
position. Other versions accuse Alexander of patricide.

How Alexander died is mystery, though, historians asserted
that he was died of a mysterious disease, after
the conquest of India! When he was dying,
Peucestas and some others of the Companions passed the night in
the temple of Serapis and asked the god whether they should
convey the sick man into the temple, if haply the might be cured
there by divine help, but a voice warned them not to bring him,
but to let him remain where he lay! Bury8
characteristically notes that, “such is the punctilious and authentic account of in the Court diary; but it is not
sufficient to enable us to discover the precise nature of the
fatal disease.” These details are discussed to
show that they have no similarity with that of Skanda archetype
or Skanda form of worship.

Then, how to Interpret Alexander historically on Others?
The western scholars have been compromised miserably and
proceeded further just to historicize Alexander for their
“historical” purposes. Many times, they have to depend upon
the forged, concocted and fabricated literature, collectively
known as “The Alexander Romance”. Therefore,
historians have to be careful in taking such mythical legends
for historical interpretations. They cannot try to make mole out
of a mountain.

The Alexander Romance

Like the Alexander’s invasion on India, the “Alexander
Romance” has also been exploited by the westerners to
belittle India. Some have tried to interpret that the Skanda /
Kanda worship has been developed only from the “Alexander
myth”. Therefore, such “Romances turned myths” have to be
analyzed critically. The “Alexander Romance” is nothing but
superstitious, legendary and mythical narrations developed based
on earlier myths and circulated in the name of “Alexander”.

This legendary narrative took shape in Egypt, mostly some
five centuries after Alexander’s death. Earlier elements and a
few facts survive among its wild fiction. Because of the spread
of the Romance of Alexander, there are Afghan chieftains who
still claim to be descended from his blood. Seventy years ago
they would go to war with the red flag they believed to be his
banner, while on stormy nights in the Aegean, the island
fishermen of Lesbos still shout down the sea with their
question,” Where is Alexander the Great?”, and on giving
their calming answer, ”Alexander the Great lives and is
King”, they rest assured that the waves still subside (RLF,
p.26).

His only measurement is given in the fictitious Romance of
Alexander , where he is said to have been three cubits, or
four feet six inches high…….Only in German myth was
Alexander was remembered as king of the dwarfs, and it would
perhaps be rash to explain his ambition on the assumption that
he was unusually small (RLF, p.41).

Philips orders Aristotle to teach Homer to Alexander (RLF,
p.59).

……..Alexander is said to have been crowned as Pharaoh of
Upper and Lower Egypt, an honour only mentioned in the
fictitious Romance of Alexander; this crowning cannot be
dated to any one month, but is supported by the Pharonic titles
which were applied to him in the inscriptions of the country’s
temples. As Pharaoh, he was the recognized representative of god
on earth, worshipped as a living and accessible god by his
Egyptian subjects; he was hailed as Horus, divine son of the sun
god Ra whose worship had prevailed in Lower Egypt, and as
beloved son of Amun, the creator of the universe, whose worship
had flourished in the temples of Upper Egypt and grown to
incorporate the worship of the more southerly Ra. This divine
sonship fitted him to the dynastic past of the native Pharaohs,
for he could be said to share their common father Amun-Ra, who
visited the Pharaoh’s mother to father each future king;
(RLF, p.196-197).

Romance of Alexander gives the details of death of
Alexander as to how he was poisoned to death (RLF, p.462).

The author discusses about his deification in pages 436-460
Chapter 31. He was worshipped as god in Egypt and Greece.

This romance / the German myth also gives a hint that the
myth might have been adapted and adopted from the Vamana
avatara, where, the Dwarf Vishnu conquers the entire world,
which is well known in India. The main feature of the dwarf
incarnation is to conquer the world. As usual, to reverse the
facts, the historians must have resorted to this reverse method
of writing history as has been done in other cases.

The Alexander’s Invasion of India

Encyclopedias14 have been cautious in narrating
about the Alexander’s invasion of India, because, he never
reached India proper. They never record that he conquered India,
though they mention about his invasion of India. In fact, there
has been a tradition that the Indian forces defeated him and he
was forced to retreat.

“In the battle of Jhelum a large majority of
Alexander’s cavalry was killed. Alexander realized that if he
were to continue fighting he would be completely ruined. He,
therefore, requested Porus to stop fighting. Treye to Indian
tradition Porus did not kill the surrendered enemy. After this
both signed a treaty. Alexander then helped him in annexing
othere territories to his kingdom”15.

Recently, a project on Alexander after working extensively,
created a website, which points out the following facts:

1. Alexander’s ideas concerning India were …still
   sketchy in the extreme.


2. To the Greeks, the land across the Indus was a shallow
   peninsula, bounded on the north by the Hindu Kush (it was known
   as such only in the medieval period) and on the east by
   the great world-stream of ocean, which ran at no great distance
   beyond the Sind desert, implying that there were no
   countries.


3. On the main Indian sub-continent, let alone the vast Far
   Eastern land-mass from China to Malaysia, they knew
   nothing.


4. In general Alexander’s ignorance of Indian
   geography remained profound.


5. His whole eastern strategy rested on a false
   assumption.


6. When enlightenment came, it was too late.


7. The great Ganges Plain, by its mere existence, shattered
   his dream more effectively than the army could have done.

Therefore, the historians have made a frivolous attempt
during 19th century to make Alexander invade India
obviously to strengthen their invasion theory of colonized
nations.

The Nile and Nila Explode the Myth of Alexander’s
Invasion on India: Alexander and Virgil considered and named
Indus as Nile.

“According to the geographical theories of
the earliest Greeks, the “Prometheus Bound” is described as
follows: This condition was fulfilled by the river Indus. Arrian
(vi, I) mentions that Alexander the Great, when preparing to
sail down the Indus 9having seen the crocodiles in the river
Indus, and in no other river except the Nile…..), seemed to
himself to have discovered the sources of the Nile; as though
the Nile, rising from some place in India, and flowing through
much desert land, and thereby losing its name Indus,
next…….flowed through inhabited land, being now called Nile
by the Ethiopians of those parts and afterwards by the
Egyptians. Virgil in the Ivth George echoes the obsolete
error”,

Blavatsky16, after giving these details notes that
–

“Alexander, who was better acquainted with
Attock than with India – for he never entered India proper –
could not have failed to hear the Indus near its sources, called
Nil and Nila. The mistake – if mistake it is – is thus
easily accounted for”

The Greek cartographers have cleared showed that the world
ends with Arabia during the material period. No two maps tally
with each other in any detail. In fact, they later start to
identify India as Indian extra-Gangem and India intra-Gangem. Whereas, there were Greek scholars who
considered India as a land of knowledge, wealth and so on, and
thus, later even mentioned as paradise on the earth. But,
because of the complexity, they started misrepresented the facts
of India.